Herencias y testamentos en España: lo que los extranjeros deben saber

Si posee una propiedad en España o planea mudarse aquí, es esencial comprender cómo funcionan las leyes de herencia y cómo la creación de un testamento español puede proteger a sus seres queridos de complicaciones en el futuro.

La legislación sucesoria española es muy diferente a la del Reino Unido o de otros países. Sin una planificación adecuada, su patrimonio podría distribuirse de forma imprevista o causar estrés y gastos considerables a sus herederos.

Esto es lo que necesitas saber.

⚖️ Derecho sucesorio español: conceptos básicos

España tiene un sistema de derecho civil que incluye un concepto llamado "heredero forzoso". Esto significa que ciertos familiares (generalmente hijos y cónyuges) tienen derecho legal a porciones fijas de su patrimonio, independientemente de su voluntad.

Según la legislación española:

  • Dos tercios de su patrimonio deben reservarse para sus hijos o descendientes directos.
  • Un tercio se puede distribuir libremente (incluso a su cónyuge, otros hijos u otras personas).
  • Si no tiene hijos, su cónyuge o sus padres pueden convertirse en los herederos legales.

Esto puede anular un testamento extranjero a menos que se tomen medidas específicas.

Reglamento UE 650/2012: Elige tu propia legislación nacional

Gracias al Reglamento UE 650/2012, los ciudadanos británicos (y otros no españoles) que sean residentes o propietarios de bienes en España pueden elegir que se aplique su propia ley nacional de sucesiones, en lugar del sistema español por defecto.

Para ello, debe declarar explícitamente en su testamento español que desea que su patrimonio se rija por la ley del Reino Unido (o la ley de su país de origen).

Esto es especialmente importante para:

  • Ciudadanos británicos que desean dejar bienes a su cónyuge
  • Familias ensambladas o hijastros
  • Cualquier persona que desee distribuir su patrimonio de forma diferente a la establecida por defecto en España

🖊️ Por qué deberías hacer un testamento en español

Incluso si ya tiene un testamento en el Reino Unido, hacer un testamento español separado puede simplificar enormemente las cosas para sus herederos.

Los beneficios incluyen:

  • Cómo evitar retrasos y confusiones legales después de su muerte
  • Orientación clara para notarios y autoridades judiciales españolas
  • Garantizar que su patrimonio se distribuya según sus deseos
  • Reducir potencialmente las obligaciones fiscales y los honorarios legales

Los testamentos españoles deben firmarse ante un notario español y registrarse en el Registro Central de Testamentos de Madrid.

💸 Impuesto de Sucesiones en España (Impuesto de Sucesiones)

El impuesto de sucesiones lo pagan en España los beneficiarios (no el patrimonio), y los tipos varían en función de:

  • La relación entre el difunto y el heredero
  • El valor de la herencia
  • La región donde se encuentra la propiedad (Andalucía ofrece generosas exenciones)

En Andalucía, los cónyuges e hijos suelen pagar pocos o ningún impuesto sobre las herencias debido a las deducciones regionales. Sin embargo, los no residentes o los familiares lejanos pueden tener que pagar tasas más altas.

Planificar con anticipación puede ayudar a reducir las cargas fiscales y garantizar que su patrimonio se transmita de manera eficiente.

🏠 Propietarios, tomen nota

Si posee una propiedad en España, es muy recomendable tener un testamento español. Facilita el proceso de sucesión, especialmente al tratarse de:

  • Actualizaciones del registro de la propiedad
  • Declaraciones del impuesto de sucesiones
  • Cambios en los servicios públicos y en la comunidad
  • Acceso a cuentas bancarias para beneficiarios

🤝 Cómo puede ayudar Medimar Homes

En Medimar Homes, siempre recomendamos a nuestros clientes que busquen asesoramiento legal profesional sobre herencias y testamentos al comprar una propiedad en España. Podemos ponerle en contacto con abogados y notarios de confianza especializados en la planificación patrimonial de expatriados, garantizando así la protección de su legado y el cuidado de su familia.

Descargo de responsabilidad: La información proporcionada por Medimar Homes en nuestro sitio web, www.medimarhomes.com, está destinado únicamente a fines informativos generales. Todo el contenido se comparte de buena fe y se basa en fuentes que se consideran precisas al momento de su publicación. Si bien nos esforzamos al máximo para garantizar que la información de nuestro sitio web esté actualizada y sea correcta, Medimar Homes no garantiza su exactitud o integridad y se reserva el derecho de modificar o actualizar el contenido sin previo aviso.

Medimar Homes no hace declaraciones ni ofrece garantías, expresas o implícitas, con respecto a la precisión, adecuación, confiabilidad, disponibilidad o integridad de cualquier información presentada en este sitio web o cualquier aplicación móvil asociada, incluidos los enlaces a sitios web de terceros.

Los usuarios no deben confiar únicamente en la información proporcionada aquí y se les recomienda encarecidamente que busquen asesoramiento legal o financiero independiente antes de tomar cualquier acción basada en el contenido del sitio web.

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